Incident Overview
On April 14, 2025, KiloEx was exploited due to a contract vulnerability, resulting in the loss of an undisclosed amount of funds from its Vault.
The attacker exploited a critical lack of access control in the MinimalForwarder contract, enabling unauthorized calls that manipulated oracle prices. Through a multi-step function call chain involving MinimalForwarder, PositionKeeper, Keeper, and ultimately the KiloPriceFeed, the attacker was able to pass a forged signature and arbitrary data, bypassing intended permission checks. By doing so, they first set the oracle price to an abnormally low value to open a leveraged long position, then artificially raised the price to close the position for profit.
The malicious activity originated from the wallet 0x00fac928…b4bcbd, which has since begun bridging the stolen funds to BNB Chain via Polyhedra. KiloEx has halted platform activity, is working with security firms and partners to trace the stolen assets, and plans to launch a bounty program while preparing a detailed postmortem report.
Incident Report
Protocol Information
What the Attacker Needed to Succeed
Understanding the prerequisites for this type of attack helps auditors identify protocols that are most at risk and helps developers build better defenses.
What Auditors Should Check
If you're auditing a protocol with similar architecture to KiloEx, these are the critical security checks that could have prevented this incident (April 2025).
- Verify all logic paths related to Price Oracle Manipulation / Access Control are guarded by proper access controls and input validation - see the Access Control Attacks attack class for patterns
- Audit oracle price feeds for manipulation risks - ensure time-weighted average prices (TWAPs) or multi-source aggregators are used, not spot prices
- Review privileged functions (owner, admin, governance) for potential abuse vectors - centralization risks should be documented and bounded with timelocks or multi-sigs
Master these auditing techniques with hands-on labs and real exploit scenarios in the Smart Contract Hacking course.
Free TrialSecurity Audit History
- Audit Report 1 Report
Related Attack Classes
The technique used in this hack maps to these vulnerability classes in our security curriculum:
Sources & References
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