Gamma Hack

TOTAL LOST $4.5M
Medium Price Manipulation Attack arbitrum

Summarize with AI

Affected Chain arbitrum Incident surface
Recovered - No recovery reported
All-Time Rank #454 By amount stolen
Auditors 2 Prior security audits

Incident Overview

A protocol for active liquidity management and market-making strategies. Gamma offers non-custodial, automated, and active concentrated liquidity management services.

Incident Report

Protocol / Project Gamma
Date of Incident
Affected Chain(s) arbitrum
Attack Technique Price Manipulation Attack
Classification Protocol Logic
Primary Source View Post-Mortem

Protocol Information

Protocol Type Liquidity manager
Smart Contract Language Solidity
Official Website www.gamma.xyz
Protocol Twitter/X @GammaStrategies

Market Context at Time of Hack

Token Categories
Collectibles & NFTs DeFi Gaming Interoperability Staking DAO Ethereum Ecosystem Governance

What the Attacker Needed to Succeed

Understanding the prerequisites for this type of attack helps auditors identify protocols that are most at risk and helps developers build better defenses.

Technical Knowledge Deep understanding of price manipulation attack and Solidity and EVM internals
Capital Required Seed capital to cover gas and initial position setup
On-Chain Access Ability to interact with arbitrum smart contracts and deploy a custom exploit contract
Protocol Analysis Identification of the exploitable vulnerability in Gamma's contract logic - root cause: protocol logic
Execution Speed Precise transaction ordering and timing to exploit the vulnerability within a single atomic block
Obfuscation Plan A strategy to launder and move stolen funds - typically through mixers, cross-chain bridges, or decentralized DEX swaps to resist tracing

What Auditors Should Check

Could this have been caught in audit? Yes — skilled auditors routinely flag Price Manipulation Attack vulnerabilities in code review
Audited by Audit Report 1, Audit Report 2 — still lost $4.5M. Prior audits don't guarantee safety, especially after post-audit code changes.

If you're auditing a protocol with similar architecture to Gamma, these are the critical security checks that could have prevented this incident (January 2024).

  • Verify all logic paths related to Price Manipulation Attack are guarded by proper access controls and input validation - see the Oracle Manipulation & Price Manipulation attack class for patterns
  • Audit oracle price feeds for manipulation risks - ensure time-weighted average prices (TWAPs) or multi-source aggregators are used, not spot prices
  • Review privileged functions (owner, admin, governance) for potential abuse vectors - centralization risks should be documented and bounded with timelocks or multi-sigs

Master these auditing techniques with hands-on labs and real exploit scenarios in the Smart Contract Hacking course.

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Security Audit History

Related Attack Classes

The technique used in this hack maps to these vulnerability classes in our security curriculum:

See all Oracle Manipulation & Price Manipulation examples →

Proof-of-Concept Exploits

1 PoC available
poc-exploits - gamma

Sources & References

Learn to Prevent the Next Gamma

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